Exploring the protective mechanism of Tibetan medicine Potentilla anserine on cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression based on metabonomics technology / 药学学报

The study aims to explore the effects and mechanisms of water extract of Potentilla anserina (PA) on myelosuppression mice induced by cyclophosphamide based on metabonomics. The myelosuppressive mouse model was established by injected with cyclophosphamide and treated with water extract of PA. Thymus and spleen indexes, peripheral hemogram and bone marrow nucleated cells of each group was detected. Bone marrow pathology analysis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum were measured. The changes of biomarkers and related metabolic pathways were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabonomics. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Minzu University. The high doses of PA could significantly improve the decrease of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) counts and hemoglobin (HGB) levels of mice induced by cyclophosphamide (P < 0.05), and significantly increase the number of nucleated cells and the area of hematopoietic tissue in femoral bone marrow. The medium and high doses of PA could significantly improve the serum levels of SOD, CAT, MDA, IL-6 and GM-CSF (P < 0.05), and have no significant effect on the expression of IL-3 and EPO (P > 0.05). Serum metabolomics analysis showed that the aqueous extracts of PA could alleviate myrosuppression by regulating the aminoacyl-tRNA, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis mediated by 13 different metabolites such as valine, leucine, asparagine and hydroxyisohexic acid. PA improve the inhibition of hematopoietic function in myelosuppression mouse, and its mechanisms may be related to anti-oxidation and promoting the expression of hematopoietic-related cytokines and regulating the related metabolic pathways.

Potentilla anserina polysaccharide alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of H9c2 cells by regulating the MG53-mediated RISK pathway / 中国天然药物

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in cadmium (Cd)-induced myocardial injury. Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) and its mediated reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway have been demonstrated to be closely related to myocardial oxidative damage. Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharide (PAP) is a polysaccharide with antioxidant capacity, which exerts protective effect on Cd-induced damage. However, it remains unknown whether PAP can prevent and treat Cd-induced cardiomyocyte damages. The present study was desgined to explore the effect of PAP on Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells based on MG53 and the mediated RISK pathway. For in vitro evaluation, cell viability and apoptosis rate were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, oxidative stress was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining and using superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) kits. The mitochondrial function was measured by JC-10 staining and ATP detection assay. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of proteins related to MG53, the RISK pathway, and apoptosis. The results indicated that Cd increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H9c2 cells. Cd decreased the activities of SOD and CAT and the ratio of GSH/GSSG, resulting in decreases in cell viability and increases in apoptosis. Interestingly, PAP reversed Cd-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, Cd reduced the expression of MG53 in H9c2 cells and inhibited the RISK pathway, which was mediated by decreasing the ratio of p-AktSer473/Akt, p-GSK3βSer9/GSK3β and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2. In addition, Cd impaired mitochondrial function, which involved a reduction in ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, cytoplasmic cytochrome c/mitochondrial cytochrome c, and Cleaved-Caspase 3/Pro-Caspase 3. Importantly, PAP alleviated Cd-induced MG53 reduction, activated the RISK pathway, and reduced mitochondrial damage. Interestingly, knockdown of MG53 or inhibition of the RISK pathway attenuated the protective effect of PAP in Cd-induced H9c2 cells. In sum, PAP reduces Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells, which is mediated by increasing MG53 expression and activating the RISK pathway.

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Potentilla / 中国中药杂志

There are 200-500 species of Potentilla(Rosaceae) worldwide, among which 90 species are widely distributed in China and have a long history of ethnic medicinal use. According to our statistics, a total of 367 compounds have been isolated and identified from plants of this genus, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and phenylpropanoids. The medicinal materials made from these plants mainly have antioxidative, blood sugar-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, cardiovascular system-protecting, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. This study systematically reviews the research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Potentilla plants to provide a basis for further research and clinical application.

Prophylactic effect of Potentilla fulgens on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats / Efecto profiláctico de Potentilla fulgens sobre la lesión por reperfusión por isquemia renal en rata

SUMMARY: We aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of Potentilla fulgens on kidney tissue with ischemia- reperfusion using immunohistochemical methods. Wistar rats were grouped as sham, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and I/R treated with Potentilla fulgens. Renal vessels of the left rat kidney were clamped for 60 minutes for ischemia, IR group had 6 h of reperfusion. 400 mg/kg Potentilla fulgens were given intraperitoneally 5 days before ischemia+reperfusion procedure. Biochemical analysis (MDA, GSH and MPO) of samples were performed. Kidney tissues were fixed with 10 % neutral formalin and routine paraffin tissue follow-up protocol was applied, stained with routine Hematoxylin and Eosin. ADAMTS-5 and Caspase-3 immunostaining was applied for immunohistochemistry and examined under a light microscope. In the ischemia group, inflammation and congestion in the vessels and increased ADAMTS-5 expression in glomerular cells and tubule cells were observed. In reperfusion, an increase in degenerative glomerular cells, tubule cells and intertubular connective tissue and inflammatory cells ADAMTS-5 expression was observed. In the P. fulgens group, degeneration and inflammation decreased and positive ADAMTS-5 expression was observed. In the ischemia and ischemia reperfusion group, increased apoptotic appearance and Caspase-3 positive expression in glomerular and tubular cells, and negative expression in most cells in the P. fulgens group. Potentilla fulgens are thought to stop apoptotic cell development at a certain stage, which affects the cytokine mechanism and plays an important role in the reduction of inflammatory cells and angiogenic regulation.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los posibles efectos protectores de Potentilla fulgens en el tejido renal con isquemia-reperfusión utilizando métodos inmunohistoquímicos. Se agruparon ratas Wistar como simulación, isquemia, isquemia-reperfusión (I / R) e I / R tratadas con Potentilla fulgens. Los vasos renales del riñón iz- quierdo de las ratas se fijaron durante 60 min por isquemia, el grupo de IR tuvo 6 h de reperfusión. Se administraron 400 mg / kg de Potentilla fulgens por vía intraperitoneal 5 días antes del procedimiento de isquemia + reperfusión. Se realizaron análisis bioquímicos (MDA, GSH y MPO) de muestras. Los tejidos renales se fijaron con formalina neutra al 10 % y se aplicó el protocolo de seguimiento de tejido de parafina de rutina y teñido con hematoxilina y eosina. Se aplicó inmunotinción de ADAMTS-5 y Caspasa-3 para inmunohistoquímica y se examinó con un microscopio óptico. En el grupo de isquemia, se observó inflamación y congestión en los vasos y el aumento de la expresión de ADAMTS-5 en células glomerulares y células tubulares. En la reperfusión, se observó un aumento en la expresión de ADAMTS-5 de células glomerulares degenerativas, células tubulares y tejido conjuntivo intertubular y células inflamatorias. En el grupo de Potentilla fulgens, la degeneración y la inflamación disminuyeron y se observó expresión positiva de ADAMTS-5. En el grupo de isquemia y reperfusión de isquemia, aumentó la apariencia apoptótica y expresión positiva de Caspasa-3 en células glomerulares y tubulares, y expresión negativa en la mayoría de las células del grupo de Potentilla fulgens. Se cree que Potentilla fulgens detiene el desarrollo de las células apoptóticas en una determinada etapa, lo que afecta el mecanismo de las citocinas y juega un papel importante en la reducción de las células inflamatorias y la regulación angiogénica.

Mechanism of Potentilla discolor in treating UC by regulating mitochondrial autophagy / 中国中药杂志

To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Potentilla discolor on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzensulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced experimental ulcerative colitis(UC) in rats and to determine its therapeutic mechanism through mitochondrial autophagy, immune cells, and cytokines. A rat model of UC was established by TNBS-ethanol enema. Rats were divided into six groups: control, UC model, sulfasalazine(positive drug), and high-dose, moderate-dose, and low-dose ethanol extract groups. After 14-day continuous administration of the corresponding drugs, the disease activity index(DAI) and hematoxylin and eosin(HE) were evaluated. The morphological structure of mitochondria was observed by using transmission electron microscope(TEM), mitophagy-related mRNA expression was detected by using Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR), immune cell differentiation in rat serum was detected by using flow cytometry(FCM), and cytokine expression in colon tissues of rats was detected by protein microarray. The results showed that compared with the model group, each dose group of P. discolor could significantly reduce the DAI of UC model rats, and decrease the degree of inflammatory cells infiltration in the colon tissue of UC model rats. Meanwhile the expressions of T cells and Th cells in the serum increased significantly, the expression of Tc cells in the serum decreased significantly. Transmission electron microscope found that there was fusion of mitochondria and lysosomes in the colon tissue of the administration group. The expressions of mitochondrial autophagy related genes NF-κB, p62 and parkin were significantly increased in colon tissues. The results of protein chip showed that compared with the model group, the high dose group of P. discolor could significantly regulate the expression of cytokines. In conclusion, these results suggested that P. discolor improved TNBS-induced acute ulcerative colitis in rats by regulating the mitochondrial autophagy and the inflammatory factor expression.

Protective effect of the Potentilla anserina polysaccharide on high altitude cerebral edema and high altitude pulmonary edema in rats / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To test the anti-plateau hypoxia effect of Potentilla anserina polysaccharide(PAP), Cynomorium songarieum Rupr. polysaccharide(SCRP), Sphallerocarpus gracilis polysaccharide(SGP)and Lilium brownii polysaccharide(LP), and then investigate the protective effect of most effective polysaccharide on the high altitude cerebral edema(HACE)and high altitude pulmonary edema(HAPE)in rats. Methods: PAP, CSRP, SGP and LP were prepared by the water extraction-alcohol precipitation method. The normobaric hypoxia test and acute hypoxia test were performed to find out the polysaccharide with the best anti-hypoxia effect and the related dose-dependent effect in mice. A large hypobaric hypoxia chamber stimulating 8000 m altitude was used to investigate pathological changes and water contents in rat brain and lung tissue before and after hypoxia, and the concerned oxidative stress and inflammation related parameters were also measured. The protective effect of PAP on the high altitude cerebral and pulmonary edema was evaluated by the rat model experiments. Results: PAP showed the best and dose-dependent anti-hypoxia effect among the four polysaccharides. The water content in brain and lung tissues of rats increased obviously in the hypoxia model(HM)group, and the brain tissue cell hierarchical fuzzy, lung tissue congestion and edema as well as the heavy inflammatory cell infiltration, widening of alveolar interval and thickening of alveolar wall were also found in the HM group. The enzymatic activity of SOD was notablely depressed, while both the MDA and IL-1β contents in brain and lung tissues remarkably increased(P<0.01)in the HM group. Com- pared with the HM group, the water content in the rat brain and lung tissues significantly decreased in each of the different dose PAP groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar interval, and thickness of alveolar wall all notabely decreased in the HM group. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of SOD increased, while both the MDA and IL-1β contents decreased, all significantly in the PAP groups than in the HM group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: PAP showed a good anti-hypoxia effect and effectively inhibited HACE and HAPE to exert a certain protective effect in a rat model.

Study on HPLC Fingerprints of Potentilla discolor and Authenticity Identification / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish HPLC fingerprints of Potentilla discolor,and to conduct authenticity identification.METHODS:HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on InertSustain C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1％ formic acid solution-acetonitrile (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength of 360 nm,colunn temperature of 30 ℃,sample size of 10 μL.Using rutin as reference,HPLC chromatograms of 19 batches of P.discolor and 2 batches of P.chinesis were determined.TCM Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2004) was used for similarity evaluation of 21 batches of samples,and common peak identification of 19 batches of P discolor SPSS 21.0 statisticl software was used for main component analysis and cluster analysis.RESULTS:There were 18 common peaks in HPLC fingerprints of 19 batches of P.discolor,the similarity was higher than 0.9.-HPLC chromatogram was in good agreement with control fingerprint.The similarity of 2 batches of P chinesis was lower than 0.7.The 21 batches of medicinal materials could be grouped into 2 categories,2 batches of P chinesis could be grouped into a category,19 batches of P.discolor could be grouped into a category.P discolor could be grouped into 4 categories.Rutin and quercitrin were main ingredients in 19 batches of P discolor.CONCLUSIONS:Established fingerprint can provide reference for authenticity identification and quality evaluation of P.discolor.

Inhibition of Potentilla fruticosa extracts on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and aldose reductase / 中国药科大学学报

@#This study measured the in vitro inhibitory effects of α-amylase(AM), α-glycosidase(AG)and aldose reductase(AR)extraction from Potentilla fruticosa in three solvents: water extract(WE)and 95% methanol extraction of petroleum ether part(MEP), 95% methanol extraction of ethyl acetate part(MEE)and 95% methanol extraction of water part(MEW)through α-amylase inhibitors(AMI), α-glycosidase inhibitors(AGI)and aldose reductase inhibitors(ARI)activity screening models. In vivo effects of different solvents from Potentilla fruticosa on impaired glucose tolerance of mice were also measured. Among them, WE, MEP and MEE exhibited against AMI activity with IC50 values of 0. 432, 1. 193 and 0. 507 mg/mL, respectively. Three solvents against AGI activity with IC50 values of 0. 164, 0. 768 and 0. 466 mg/mL, respectively. Three solvents against ARI activity with IC50 values of 0. 742, 2. 158 and 1. 098 mg/mL, respectively. The study suggests that Potentilla fruticosa in water extract and 95% methanol extraction of ethyl acetate part demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect on AM, AG and AR. Meanwhile, Potentilla fruticosa in water extract and 95% methanol extraction of ethyl acetate part can be significantly decreased the postprandial blood glucose in mice.

Effects of Potentilla fulgens on the changes made in the retinal damage induced by traumatic head injury / Efectos de Potentilla fulgens en los cambios producidos debido al daño retinal inducido por lesión traumática en la cabeza

Traumatic head injury is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. As a result of head trauma occurring in the retina of the various biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical effects were investigated. Sprague­Dawley rats were subjected to traumatic brain injury with a weight-drop device using 300 g-1 m weight­height impact. Twenty one rats were divided into three groups, as group 1 (vehicle-treated control), group 2 (vehicle-treated trauma) group 3 trauma + Potentilla fulgens ( P. Fulgens) 400 mg/kg/day, i.p.). Distilled water was used as vehicle. All rats were decapitated 5 days after the induction of trauma, and the protective effects of P. Fulgens were evaluated by histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. Although further studies are necessary to evaluate the time-and dose-dependent neuroprotective effects of P. Fulgens. Depending on whether trauma inhibits apoptosis of photoreceptor cells, ganglion cells, it is thought that the the support against the degeneration of neural connections can be considered. This study indicates that P.Fulgens is potentially useful for the treatment of eye disorders induced by traumatic brain injury.

El trauma de cráneo es una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad. Como resultado de un traumatismo craneal, la retina puede sufrir diversos efectos bioquímicos, histológicos e inmunohistoquímicos. Veintiún ratas Sprague-Dawley fueron sometidas a lesión craneal traumática con un dispositivo, de caída de peso, usando un impacto de 300 g-1 m de peso-altura. Las ratas fueron divididas en tres grupos: grupo 1 (control), grupo 2 (traumatismo) y grupo 3 trauma + Potentilla fulgens (400 mg / kg / día, i. p.). Se usó agua destilada como vehículo en todos los grupos. Las ratas fueron decapitadas 5 días después de la inducción del trauma, y se evaluaron los efectos protectores de P. Fulgens mediante análisis histológicos, inmunohistoquímicos y bioquímicos. Es necesario realizar más estudios para evaluar los efectos neuroprotectores, dependientes del tiempo y la dosis, de P. Fulgens. Dependiendo si el trauma inhibe la apoptosis de las células fotorreceptoras, se estima que la disposición de las células ganglionares ayuda contra la degeneración de las conexiones neuronales. P. Fulgens ha demostrado ser efectivo para el tratamiento de los trastornos oculares inducidos por lesión cerebral traumática.

Preparation of microemulsions loaded with total flavonoids from Potentilla discolour and the therapeutic effect on diabetic mice / 中成药

AIM To prepare the microemulsions loaded with total flavonoids from Potentilla discolor Bunge and to evaluate the therapeutic effect on diabetic mice.METHODS Total flavonoids,the extract from P.discolor by 70％ ethanol,were made into microemulsions after purification with.macroporous resin.With types and amount of oil phase,emulsifier and co-emulsifier,and addition amount of total flavonoids as influencing factors,together with drug loading,encapsulation efficiency,particle size and Zeta potential as evaluation indices,the formulation was optimized by drawing pseudo-ternary phase diagram.By establishing diabetic mouse models induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and high fat diet,the obtained microemulsions' effects on fasting blood glucose,oral glucose tolerance (OGT),insulin,glycosylated serum protein (GSP),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein (LDL),high density lipoprotein (HDL),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice were investigated.RESULTS The optimal formulation was determined to be 400 mg for isopropyl myristate (oil phase) amount,400 mg for Cremophor RH 40 (emulsifier) amount,200 mg for polyethylene glycol 400 (coemulsifier) amount,and 80 mg for addition amount of total flavonoids.The spherical-like and uniformly-sized microemulsions shared average drug loading of (7.28 ± 0.12)％,encapsulation efficiency of (91.79 ± 1.02)％,particle size of (36.79 ±0.17) nm and Zeta potential of (-15.77 ±2.89) mV.They could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose level,promote insulin secretion,regulate blood lipid,increase SOD activity,and decrease MDA level in diabetic mice.CONCLUSION Once prepared into microemulsions,the total flavonoids from P.discolor demonstrate an obviously enhanced activity in reducing blood glucose.

Research Progress in Extraction, Purification and Bioactivities of Potentilla Anserine Polysaccharide / 中国中医药信息杂志

As a common Tibetan medicine, Potentilla anserine L. is a kind of important Chinese materia medica, which is mainly distributed in Gansu, Qinghai and Tibet Provinces. As the active constituent from Potentilla anserine L., potentilla anserine polysaccharide has received initial research by researchers in abroad and at home. It is suggested that potentilla anserine polysaccharide exhibits various functions including antioxidation, anti-aging, immunoregulation, inhibiting bacteria and anti-diabetic. This article reviewed the research on extraction, purification and bioactivities of potentilla anserine polysaccharide, which is expected to provide ideas for the further study and research and development.

In vitro aldose reductase inhibitory potential of fractions isolated from Potentilla fulgens roots.

The present study was investigated to identify the active fraction of P. fulgens with aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory potential. AR is the rate limiting step of polyol pathway implicated in the onset of chronic complications of diabetes. In this study, kidney homogenates of normoglycemic and diabetic mice were used as a source of AR enzyme preparation for in vitro analysis. The Terpenoid/Phenolic (TP) fraction of P. fulgens had the lowest IC50 value (0.152 mg/ml) for AR than the other fractions. TP fraction was separated using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and separated TLC fractions were tested for their AR inhibitory activity. Among the TLC fractions, F-V had the lowest IC50 value (0.156 mg/ml) and was characterized further using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Infra-Red (IR) Spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopy (MS). F-V showed absorption maxima at λ230 nm and λ280 nm. HPLC profile of this fraction showed the presence of one prominent peak with a retention time of 1.621. IR spectra of the prominent peak indicated the presence of aromatic group which is phenolic in nature. MS of the prominent peak showed m/z ratio of 458.8. The active fraction isolated from P. fulgens has been shown to inhibit AR in normoglycemic and diabetic mice.

Effects of Potentilla fulgens on tuba uterina in ovariectomized rats / Efectos de Potentilla fulgens en la tuba uterina de ratas ovariectomizadas

A total of 32 Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups: (I) sham, (II) ischemia, (III) reperfusion and (IV) Potentilla fulgens. In groups I and II, ovary torsion was not performed and no drug was administered. In group III, 1 h of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion were performed and no drug was given. Group IV received 400 mg/kg/day Potentilla fulgens intraperitoneally 5 days before Ischemia-reperfusion. All the parameters were observed to be significantly decreased (P<0.05) in all the experimental groups compared to the control group. In the sections of the ischemia-reperfusion group, degeneration of epithelium, dilation of blood vessels were observed. Potentilla fulgens administration reduced the morphological changes by induced I/R; in particular, infiltration, hemorrhage and vascular dilatation were decreased. Potentilla fulgens application during torsion, it plays an important role in maintaining the epithelial structure with E-cadherin expression. We suggest that PECAM-1(CD31) are a regulator of the microvascular response of the tubal mucosa.

Un total de 32 ratas Wistar fueron divididas en cuatro grupos: (I) Sham, (II) isquemia, (III) reperfusión y (IV) Potentilla fulgens. En los grupos I y II, no se realizó la torsión de ovario y ni se administró ningún tipo de fármaco. En el grupo III, se produjo isquemia por 1 h seguido de reperfusión por 2 h (I/R), sin administracion de fármacos. El grupo IV recibió 400 mg/kg por día de Potentilla fulgens vía intraperitoneal durante cinco días previo al protocolo de isquemia-reperfusión. Se observó que todos los parámetros disminuyeron significativamente (P <0,05) en todos los grupos experimentales en comparación con el grupo control. En las secciones del grupo de isquemia-reperfusión, se observó degeneración del epitelio y dilatación de los vasos sanguíneos. La administración de Potentilla fulgens reduce los cambios morfológicos inducidos por I/R; en particular, la infiltración, la hemorragia y la dilatación vascular. La aplicación de Potentilla fulgens durante la torsión, desempeña un papel importante en el mantenimiento de la estructura epitelial con la expresión de E-cadherina. Sugerimos que PECAM-1 (CD31) es un regulador de la respuesta microvascular de la mucosa tubárica.

Protective mechanism of potentilla anserina polysaccharide on mice with d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the protective mechanism of Potentilla anserina polysaccharide (PAP) on acute liver injury induced by D-galactosamine (D-GlaN) in mice. Methods Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, bifendate group (positive control) and PAP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) treated groups, with 10 mice in each group. After treatment with normal saline, bifendate and PAP (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) for 7 days, themice in normal control group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline, and those in the other 5 groups were injected intraperitoneally with D-GlaN to establish acute liver injury models. All the animals were sacrificed 24 h after model establishment, and the levels of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) were determined. Results Compared with normal control group, the model group had significantly increased hepatic MDA level (P<0. 05) and significantly decreased activities of hepatic SOD, GSH-Px and level of GSH (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). Compared with the model group, bifendate and 50, 100, 200 mg/kg PAP significantly decreased hepatic MDA level (P<0. 05), increased the activities of hepatic SOD, GSH-Px and level of GSH (P<0. 05, P<0. 01) in mouse acute liver injury model. Conclusion PAP can protect the liver of mice with acute liver injury induced by D-GlaN, which is probably through scavenging free radicals, protecting cell membranes and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Pharmacology of Potentilla anserina polysaccharide: Research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

The genus Potentilla are a member of Rosaceae family. The root of P. anserina L. is an important medicinal plant in Chinese Tibetan medicine and known as ‘jue ma’ in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is mainly distributed in temperate, frigid and alpine zones of the northern hemisphere. In China, it is mainly distributed in Qinghai, Gansu provinces and Tibet Autonomous Region. This genus mainly contains polysaccharides, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids and coumarin compounds. The root of P. anserina has been used as both food and medicine over 1200 years. In TCM, it is suggested that the functions and indications of P. anserina be various, such as supplementing the spleen and fortifying the stomach, promoting the production of body fluid and relieving thirst, invigorating the vital energy and nourishing the blood. P. anserina is widely used in Chinese Tibetan Medicine, and polysaccharide extracted from its rhizomes is one of the main constituents possessing the pharmacology of immunomodulatory activity, anti-oxidation, anti-hypoxia, anti-tumor and protective effect on liver injury. This article reviews the recent research progresses in the pharmacology of P. anserina polysaccharide (PAP), so as to lay the foundation of basic researches for further investigation and could provide the instruction for the further development and utilizition of this plant.

Study on Preparation Process of Compound Potentilla discolor Granules / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology and forming technology of Compound Potentilla discolor gran-ules. METHODS:The extraction technology was optimized by single factor and orthogonal test with the amount of added water, soaking time,decocting time and decocting times as factors using the comprehensive score of the content of kaempferol,quercetin, and total flavonoids as indexes. Validation test was conducted. The type and ratio of excipients in forming technology were opti-mized by single factor test using comprehensive score of molding rate,soluble rate,moisture absorption rate and angle of repose as indexes. RESULTS:The optimal extraction process was 14-fold water,soaking for 0.5 h,decocting for 3 times,1.0 h each time. The RSDs of kaempferol,quercetin and total flavonoids content in validation test were 1.77%,1.76% and 4.62%(n=5). The ex-cipients of forming technology was the mixture of dextrin and soluble starch (2:1);the molding rate,soluble rate,moisture ab-sorption rate and angle of repose were 94.02%,76%,26% and 25.02 °,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The optimized extraction technology of Compound P. discolor granules is stable and feasible,and prepared granules have good formability and moisture resis-tance.

Pharmacology of Potentilla anserina polysaccharide:research advances / 国际药学研究杂志

The genus Potentilla are a member of Rosaceae family. The root of P. anserina L. is an important medicinal plant in Chinese Tibetan medicine and known as‘jue ma’in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which is mainly distributed in temperate, frigid and alpine zones of the northern hemisphere. In China,it is mainly distributed in Qinghai,Gansu provinces and Tibet Autono?mous Region. This genus mainly contains polysaccharides,steroids,triterpenes,flavonoids,phenolic acids and coumarin com?pounds. The root of P. anserina has been used as both food and medicine over 1200 years. In TCM,it is suggested that the functions and indications of P. anserina be various,such as supplementing the spleen and fortifying the stomach,promoting the production of body fluid and relieving thirst,invigorating the vital energy and nourishing the blood. P. anserina is widely used in Chinese Tibetan Medicine,and polysaccharide extracted from its rhizomes is one of the main constituents possessing the pharmacology of immunomodu?latory activity,anti-oxidation,anti-hypoxia,anti-tumor and protective effect on liver injury. This article reviews the recent research progresses in the pharmacology of P. anserina polysaccharide(PAP),so as to lay the foundation of basic researches for further investi?gation and could provide the instruction for the further development and utilizition of this plant.

Antidiabetic Potential of Potentilla fulgens Roots in Validated Animal Models of Diabetes

The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidiabetic potential of tap roots of Potentilla fulgens in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat models. The crude powder, ethanolic, ethanolic: aqueous and aqueous extracts of tap roots were administered to normoglycemic- and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats in a single dose study. The ethanolic extract showed significant improvement in oral glucose tolerance and antihyperglycemic effect on sucrose loaded normal rats and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Of the isolated aqueous, n-butanol, chloroform and n-hexane soluble fractions of the active ethanolic extract of the roots, the aqueous fraction (100 mg/kg body weight) showed significant blood glucose lowering effect on STZ-induced diabetic rats. In a multiple dose study, aqueous fraction of ethanolic extract of P. fulgens roots significantly improved the body weight, percent glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), serum insulin, lipid profile, liver and kidney parameters in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The aqueous fraction also showed marked improvement in OGTT and serum insulin level in neonatal STZ-induced diabetic rats for 30 consecutive days. The aqueous fraction of the roots also inhibited the activity of alpha (α)-glucosidase enzyme in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, the finding suggested that an aqueous fraction of tap roots of P. fulgens possessed potential antidiabetic activity.

Research progress on chemical constituents from Potentilla anserina and their pharmacological activities / 中草药

Potentilla Anserinae Radix used as both food and medicine over 1 200 years is the root tubers of Potentilla anserine. Triterpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids are the main chemical constituents in P. anserine. P. anserine shows the activities of anti-hypoxia, antioxidation, liver-protection, and enhancement of immunity in the recent studies. In this paper, the chemical constituents from P. anserine and their pharmacological activities are reviewed, which could provide the reference for the further investigation and development of this plant.

Chemical constituents from roots of Potentilla anserine / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Potentilla anserine. Methods: The chemical constituents from the roots of P. anserine were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis. Results: Thirteen compounds were isolated from 75% ethanol extract of P. anserine and identified as 2, 19α-dihydroxy-3-oxours-1, 12-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), 3β-acetoxy-19α-hydroxyursa-12-en-28-oic acid (2), 3-epi-2-oxopomolic acid (3), 2-oxopomolic acid (4), pomolic acid (5), euscaphic acid (6), arjunic acid (7), potentillanoside B (8), 2-oxopomolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), pomolic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), kajiichigoside F1 (11), rosamultin (12), and adenine (13). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new triterpenoid saponin, named as potentillanoside G, compounds 3 and 7 are isolated from the plants of genus Potentilla L. for the first time, and compounds 2 and 13 are isolated from this plant for the first time.